Psychological support in anxiety management for patients affected by chronic kidney disease and treated by dialysis

Abstract

Introduction: The quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease stage V is strongly affected by the recommended therapies. Such a situation alters the state of anxiety, which expresses a perception connected to a specific context and it overlaps with trait anxiety, which evaluates relatively stable aspects of being prone to anxiety.
The study aims to analyze the anxiety level of uremic patients and to demonstrate the benefit of psychological support either in person or online in order to mostly reduce the state of anxiety.
Materials and methods: 23 patients treated at the Nephrology Unit of the San Bortolo Hospital in Vicenza have undergone at least 8 psychological sessions. The first and the eighth sessions have been held in person, while the others were either in person or online based on the patients’ preference.
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), which means to evaluate the current state of anxiety and aspects of being prone to anxiety, was submitted during the first and the eighth sessions.
Results: Patients, before being submitted to psychological treatment, showed high rates of both State and Trait anxiety levels. After eight sessions the trait anxiety features and even better the state anxiety ones have significantly reduced both thanks to in-person or online treatments.
Conclusions: A treatment of minimum eight sessions shows a significant improvement of the nephropathic patient’s trait and, even better, state anxiety level and it also fosters the achievement of advanced adjustment levels compared to the new clinical status together with an improvement of the quality of life.

Keywords: psychological support, chronic kidney disease, state anxiety, trait anxiety

Sorry, this entry is only available in Italian.

Introduzione

La malattia renale cronica rappresenta oggi una delle malattie croniche con il maggior impatto sociale, sia per il crescente numero di pazienti, dato anche dall’allungamento della vita media, sia perché conduce il paziente a intraprendere percorsi che lo accompagnano per tutta la vita, con la scelta condivisa tra clinico e paziente che può ricadere su emodialisi, dialisi peritoneale, trapianto renale o terapia conservativa [1].

L’impatto psicologico della malattia renale cronica e delle terapie sostitutive conseguenti ad essa è ben noto, in quanto sono numerosi i fattori connessi a tali terapie che comportano una riduzione della qualità di vita associata ad un aumento delle quote di ansia e di distress psicologico nei pazienti nefropatici [2, 3].

Come stabilito dall’OMS, la salute deve corrispondere ad “uno stato di benessere fisico, mentale e sociale e non alla semplice assenza di malattia”, e in quest’ottica il percorso di miglioramento della qualità della vita ha come obiettivo ottimizzare l’outcome clinico di molte patologie e la compliance alla terapia da parte del paziente [4, 5]. 

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