Carnitin-Palmitoyl Transferase type 2 deficiency: a rare cause of acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis

Abstract

Fatty acid oxidation disorders are inborn errors of metabolism. One of the possible alterations involves the failure of the carnitin-based transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria, necessary for muscle metabolism in case of prolonged physical exertion. Three kinds of Carnitin-Palmitoyl Transferase type 2 (CPT2) deficiency have been described: a myopathic form, a severe infantile form and a neonatal form. The clinical picture is characterized by recurrent attacks of rhabdomyolysis, muscular pains and fatigue, secondary to a prolonged physical exercise and sometimes aggravated by intercurrent events. Rhabdomyolysis episodes are associated with a significant increase in creatine phosphokinase and myoglobinuria and may result in acute renal failure. Patients are usually asymptomatic during intercurrent periods. When acute renal failure from rhabdomyolysis arises after intense physical activity, it is therefore necessary to also investigate the presence of metabolic myopathies due to enzymatic deficiency.

Keywords: deficit CPT2, rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure

Sorry, this entry is only available in Italian.

Background

La rabdomiolisi può determinare quadri clinici differenti: dalla dismissione subclinica degli enzimi muscolari fino all’Insufficienza Renale Acuta (IRA). Ciò può associarsi a Crush Syndrome, ma in più dell’80% dei casi è presente una causa farmacologica; non vanno dimenticate possibili alterazioni strutturali o disordini metabolici ereditari delle cellule muscolari. Uno di questi è il deficit di Carnitin-Palmitoil Transferasi di tipo 2 (CPT2), anomalia ereditaria autosomica recessiva dell’ossidazione mitocondriale degli acidi grassi a catena lunga (LCFA), necessari per il metabolismo muscolare in caso di sforzo fisico prolungato [1].  

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Abstract

Fatty acid oxidation disorders are inborn errors of metabolism. One of the possible alterations involves the failure of the carnitin-based transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria, necessary for muscle metabolism in case of prolonged physical exertion. Three kinds of Carnitin-Palmitoyl Transferase type 2 (CPT2) deficiency have been described: a myopathic form, a severe infantile form and a neonatal form. The clinical picture is characterized by recurrent attacks of rhabdomyolysis, muscular pains and fatigue, secondary to a prolonged physical exercise and sometimes aggravated by intercurrent events. Rhabdomyolysis episodes are associated with a significant increase in creatine phosphokinase and myoglobinuria and may result in acute renal failure. Patients are usually asymptomatic during intercurrent periods. When acute renal failure from rhabdomyolysis arises after intense physical activity, it is therefore necessary to also investigate the presence of metabolic myopathies due to enzymatic deficiency.

 

Keywords: deficit CPT2, rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure

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