Figure 3 (Small)

Figure 3. Mathieu Jaboulay (1860-1913) led a fruitful team in Lyon, in the department of Surgery and not that of Anatomy, where Carrel worked alone. In parallel with Payr in Vienna, he perfected silk suturing of vessels without stents during the 1890s, using straight needles and silk (or cotton) thread. In 1906 he made the first attempt at a human transplantation for uraemia, using a pig kidney transplanted on to the arm, and a goat kidney into the thigh of two patients. Both kidneys functioned for some days! He was killed in a train accident in 1913, and his team broke up.