validità e affidabilità Archivi

Protected: Linguistic and Cultural Adaptation and Italian Validation of the Renal iNUT, a Nutrition Screening Tool for Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Posted on Thursday April 16th, 2026

Giovanni Cangelosi

Sara Morales Palomares^1,2*, Silvia Cappelletti²*, Gaetano Ferrara^2,3, Stefano Mancin², Giovanni Cangelosi^2,4, Giada Vrenna², Mauro Parozzi^2,5, Domenica Gazineo^2,6, Marco Sguanci², Mattia Bozzetti⁷*, Elena Sandri⁸*
*These authors contributed equally

AI tools were used to support language editing and translation, but not for content generation. No AI-generated content was included without human review and revision.

1 Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences (DFSSN), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
2 Italian Society of Nephrology Nurse (SIAN), Via Capotesta 1/30, 07026 Olbia, Italy
3 Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Montpellier 1, 00128 Rome, Italy
4 School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine and “Stefani Scuri” Public Health Department, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
5 Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
6 Governo Clinico e Qualità, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
7 Direction of Health Professions, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
8 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Martir, 46001 Valencia, Spain

Corresponding author:
Dr. Giovanni Cangelosi
School of Pharmacy, Polo Medicina Sperimentale e Sanità Pubblica,
62032 Camerino, Italy
E-mail: giovanni01.cangelosi@unicam.it

Abstract

Background/aim. Malnutrition is a frequent and serious issue among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), often leading to worse clinical outcomes. The Renal Inpatient Nutrition Screening Tool (Renal iNUT), originally developed in the United Kingdom, provides a quick and renal-specific method for screening hospitalized CKD patients. While a Spanish version has been adapted, no validated Italian translation is currently available. This study set out to translate and culturally adapt the Renal iNUT for application in Italian clinical contexts, as well as to evaluate its psychometric properties.
Methods. The adaptation followed the methodological approach described by Sousa and Rojjanasrirat, proceeding through seven structured phases to secure conceptual, linguistic, and cultural equivalence. After a pilot phase with healthcare professionals, the tool was administered to hospitalized patients with CKD to assess both inter- and intra-rater reliability.
Results. Feedback from the pilot testing indicated that the Italian Renal iNUT was clear, intuitive, and easy for clinicians to use in daily practice. Psychometric testing confirmed good inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.83; 95% CI 0.69–0.91) and excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.90; 95% CI 0.82–0.95). Total scores remained stable across repeated measurements (median = 2.0; IQR 1.0–3.0/2.5).
Conclusions. Overall, the Italian version of the Renal iNUT demonstrated strong reliability and practical usability, supporting its use for nutritional screening in patients with CKD. Its implementation may help promote standardized nutritional screening and early nutritional interventions in Italian hospital settings, ultimately improving the quality of care and patient outcomes for individuals with CKD.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, nutritional screening of malnutrition, Renal Inpatient Nutrition Screening Tool (Renal iNUT), cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability, Italy